Nikita Artamonov was born in Nizhnekamsk, Russia and after playing for Neftekhimik Nizhnekamsk U16 through U18 teams, he played in a game for the Torpedo Nizhny Novgorod of the KHL in 2022-2023. In 2023-2024, Artamonov played in 54 games and scored 7 goals and 16 assists as a 17-year-old in Russia's top league.
Artamonov is under contract with Torpedo Nizhny Novgorod through the 2025-2026 season.